It is often said that food preparation is both a science and an art. It is a science when preparing foods because scientific principles should be observed.
Among these are:
- Vegetables and fruits should be washed before paring, peeling and cutting them up to conserve the water soluble nutrients.
- Food colors can be retained if teh cooking vessel is covered during cooking.
- Overcooking should be avoided to conserve the heat soluble nutrients.
- Foods regardless of cost but belonging to the same food groups may take each other's place in the menu depending on the family's food bufget.
- Tubers or root vegetables need more time to cook thatn leafy vegetables.
That food preparation is an art is evident in the following:
- The same food items may be prepared and served in a variety of ways depending on the artistry of the one who is doing the food prepation and service.
- Desserts, salads and drinks add color and texture to make meals more pleasing to the eyes.
- Some vegetables may be cut up for decorative effects. Examples of these are carrots, tomato and peeper flowers.
- Desirable combinations contribute to the elegance and acceptability of some foods. Among the nutritious daily food combinations are:
- Lunch: Ground pork, Omelet, Shellfish, Pork cubes, Casserole dish, fish and Beef bones.
- Supper: Fish, Beef, Legues, Chicken, Omelet, Shellfish and Ground beef.
For snacks, acceptable combinations are:
- Pancit palabok, sotanghon or dinuguan with puto
- mami with siopao
- bibingka, kesong puti and tea
- champorado with fried dilis
- suman with mango
- arroz-caldo with pork and tokwa
- Ukoy with halu-halo
- sandwich with cold drink
Food preparation requires mastery of common weights and measures which are a must in following recipes. These ae:
1 tablespoon (tbsps. of T) = 3 teaspoons (tsp. or t)
1/4 cup (c) = 4 tbsp.
1/3 cup = 5 tbsp plus 1 t
1/6 T = 1 c
1 c = 8 ounces (oz)
1 pint = 2 c
1 quart (qt.) = 4 c
16 cups = 1 gallon
16 oz = 1 pound (lb)
Following a recipe requires also a knowledge of these steps:
- Read and understand the recipe.
- Assemble all the ingredients and utensils needed.
- Make all measurements using standard cups and measures.
- flour, sugar, salt and other and otehr dry ingredients should be overflowing in cups or measuring spoons and tehn levelled off with a straight edge knife or spatula.
- Sift flour before measuring to incorporate air. This will make the products lighter and fluffer.
- Pack down sugar firmly into the measuring cups and level off with a spatula or straight edge knife.
- When measuring liquids, use standard graduated measuring equipment such as glass cups and graduated measuring spoons. Pitch cup on level surface and read at eye level.
- In measuring fat which is stored in teh refrigerator, bring first to room temperature then press firmly into measuring equipment and level off when overflowing.
4. Execute the steps closely as called for in the recipe.
5. Clean up while working. Keep a damp cloth close at hand for wiping. Clear off work area with used pots and pans and other paraphernalia used in food preparation.